教师招聘英语复习提纲：主从复合句及“定语从句” （一）

1. 主从复合句的概念：

即上一章所提的由两个或两个以上的分句构成一个复杂句，其中一个为主句，其余的分句为主句的成分。

2. 主句和从句的逻辑关系分类：

1) 从句作主句的定语(修饰主句中的一个名词短语或代词)，这种从句叫定语从句。具体见下节。

2) 从句做主句的状语。这种从句叫状语从句。

3) 从句象一个名词结构一样，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语，这种从句叫名词性从句。

3. 从句的结构：

所有从句)的结构都是这个模式：连词(或称从句引导词，单纯只起连接作用或兼作从句成分)+主语部分+谓语部分。

4. 定语从句

1) 定语从句的概念：跟在一个名词短语或代词后面，修饰该名词短语或代词的一个分句。被修饰的名词短语或代词叫先行词。如下列例句中的____部分为主句，黑斜体部分为先行词，____部分为定语从句部分：

____Justin’s mother____, ____who was working that night____, ____was surprised____ that his son did not tell anyone that he was staying out late.

____Standing inside were lots of white-skinned strange-looking creatures which had large black eyes____.

2) 定语从句引导词：

在定语从句中，从句引导词既连接从句和主句又作从句的成分。共分为三类

(1) 关系代词，在定语从句中指代先行词，作定语从句的主语、宾语或表语。包括

① 指代人 (也就是引导修饰人的定语从句) 的关系代词who, whom, that，其中who和that既可以作主语也可以做宾语，whom只可以作宾语。作表语只用that。如：

____The police officer____ ____who / that had ruled out the possibility of murder____ ____was very experienced.____(who / that作定语从句的主语)

____The boy____ ____who(m) / that they found missing____ ____was called Justin Foster.____(who / whom / that作定语从句的谓语动词found的宾语)

____Tom is not the small boy that he used to be.____ (that在从句中作表语)

② 指代事物(也就是引导修饰事物的定语从句) 的关系代词which和that，两者都既可以作主语也可以做宾语。That还可作表语。如：

____The spaceship____ ____that / which moved around to the side of the house gave off very bright lights.____(that / which作定语从句的主语)

____Water____, ____without which humans couldn’t live,____ ____is the most valuable resouce on the earth.____(which作定语从句中的介词without的宾语)

____This place is not the villaget that it was ten years ago.____(that在从句中作表语)

(2) 关系限定词whose，在定语从句中作定语，指代“名词先行词’s”或物主限定词his, her等，引导修饰人(间或为事物，此时可用whose可被of which替代)的定语从句。如：

____The strange-looking man whose eyes were large and black walked over to Justin.____(whose作eyes的定语，指代the strange-looking man’s，从句修饰人)

____The house whose windows we have just fixed were broken into by burglars.____(whose作 windows的定语，指代the house’s，从句修饰事物)

(3) 关系副词where, when和why，在定语从句中作状语，相当于“介词+地点名词先行词/时间名词先行词/原因名词先行词”，各自引导修饰这些名词的定语从句。如：

____The mountain where the volcano lies is not far from here.____(where在从句中作谓语动词lies的状语，相当于in the mountain从句修饰the mountain)

____The days when people felt content with a simple life are forever gone.____(when在从句中作谓语动词felt的状语，相当于in the days，从句修饰the days)

____He gave us no reason why he took the job.____(why在从句中作谓语动词took的状语，相当于for the reason，从句修饰reason)