教师招聘英语备考：句子的类型（一）

【句子的类型(一)】

句子的类型：陈述句

陈述句(包括肯定的或否定的)用来叙述一项事实。陈述句的结构分为肯定结构和否定结构两种。

1、陈述句的肯定结构

(1)主语与谓语的一致，句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。如：

I was having dinner when he came in.

He is now working at a bank.

①谓语只跟主语的中心词保持一致，修饰词不影响主语的数：

The quality of this kind of bike is poor.

There be结构和其他倒装句中，谓语通常放在主语的前面，这时谓语是单数还是复数，要依后面的主语而定，如：

There is no milk in the bottle.

There are no students in the classroom.

② “one of ……”结构作主语，谓语应该用单数。如：

One of the students is absent.

Making things is a good activity.

What hurt her most is his words.

③由and连接两个或两个以上的名词，由“both…and…”连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：

Susan and Sally like pop music.

The worker and the peasant are going to give us a talk.

④单数名词后面有下面词语修饰时，主语不受这些词或词组的影响

with…. like… as well as… together with…

He, as well as his classmates, likes popular songs.

Mr Li, together with his wife and two songs, is on holiday these days.

⑤由连词“either…or…”,“neither…nor…”,“not only…but also…”,also, nor, or连接两个名词或代词，谓语动词的形式应与最近的主语保持一致

Neither I nor my brother is good at maths.

Either you or I’m wrong.

注意：表示数量、时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。用于数学运算的数字作主语，谓语通常也用单数形式。如：

Ten pounds is enough.

Two hours is a long time.

2、陈述句的否定形式

(1)带有系动词、助动词、情态动词的肯定句，只要把not, never加在这些动词后面，就能把肯定句变为否定，no通常否定名词或动名词

I’m not a doctor.

I haven’t got a camera.

I have never met him before.

(2)若谓语是行为动词，前面又没有助动词和情态动词，只要在谓语动词之前加助动词do( does, did ) not就行。

I didn’t go to the concert yesterday.

He doesn’t speak English

(3)no修饰复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。如果no修饰单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。如：

No men are admitted

No man is admitted.

(4)表示部分否定的词有：not all, not everything, not everybody, not everywhere, not both, not always.

Not everybody enjoys fishing.

Not everything goes well.